Proposed Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Proposed Plan - Term Paper Example The iPhone 5S will be developed through making improvement on the features of the iPhone 5C product. This involves improving the memory to 40GB, increasing the processing speed, improving the internet connection capability, enhancing compatibility with other technological devices like PCs, and making it user friendly through making simple usage procedures. The improved features will ensure superior product which will ensure customer satisfaction. The sales projections by the marketing team indicated that 1 million units of the product will be sold globally, this is the daily average. One unit of the product will be sold at $800. This translates to a daily sales value of $800,000,000. The marketing team has given advice on exploiting the huge Chinese market. For further information on this new product development project, please contact me through my email address or telephone number. All strategies and resources are in place to ensure effective and efficient development of the iPhone

Brave New World Essay Example for Free

Brave New World Essay Imagine living in a world with no mom and dad, and that at any of your sides you see many copies of yourself, and the only society you know is the one made up of some sort of hierarchy where you are not allowed to have any feelings or even think. This is the world depicted in the book Brave New World by Aldous Huxley. The book was published in 1932, he was looking to provide people a picture of a future perfectionist society full of science and â€Å"happiness†, but this vision somehow became the world we live in now. In the novel Brave New World, Huxley gives us a view of a society that can only achieve stability through fictional happiness. This is an example of a Utopian society that attempted to create a perfect society. At that time, changes in science were becoming frequent and Huxley noticed these changes. With the invention of the assembly line, the Ford Company allowed people to afford cars. Huxley was able to see where these advances in science were leading. When a person thinks of a utopia he or she thinks of a place where everyone is happy, with no diseases, where anger and sadness do not exist. As the motto of this world says â€Å"Community, Identity, Stability. † These three words hang in a sign over the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre, this creates and conditions new human life. These words are the slogan for this society. Community means that all persons must work together to maximize the greatest happiness for society as a whole, and it occurs through the artificially implanted ideas of Identity that each person has. Regardless of the hierarchy they have, each person is supposed to be happy with their own identity. And Stability is the ultimate goal of society because only through stability can happiness be maintained and all unpleasant feelings and emotions be eradicated. We are living in a Brave New World society in the present days. In the novel, people were being cloned and their lives had been already planned even before their birth with the use of psychological technologies to control the future behavior. Conditioning, combined with prenatal treatment, created individuals without individuality: each one was programmed to behave the way the government wanted. The citizen’s mind was being manipulated basically through the use of drugs and propaganda. â€Å"The principle of sleep-teaching or hypnopaedia, had been discovered. † He critiques modern government institutions whose power and ideals has slowly inserted into the minds of ordinary people. They teaching the children with some kind of propaganda while they were sleeping, the will play a message that they wanted all those children to know for the rest of their lives. The book was written years ago, really far from our time, but the scary truth is that we are living in the same standards as the world idea of Huxley. Together with the media, our government manipulates us to do what they want. For example, those TV commercials of cell phones that tells us to buy smart phones because they are better and then year after year they come up with improvements that are not real and we buy them because we think they are going to be better but we are just being stupid consumers giving money to those big companies. The government approves this because by consumerism, we generate the need of more therefore, more production, more jobs and will better the economy. This utopian society, had also its benefits. Their liberalism respecting relationship and sex, was not as bad because they had no compromises. the government taught them not to have serious relationships with other people. There were no family values, they encouraged to freely have sex with any person they wanted because sex would make them happy. We can see this, when Lenina tells Fanny that she’s been sleeping with the same guy during four months and Fanny responds â€Å"It’s such a horribly bad form to go on and on like this with one man†¦ have somebody else from time to time, that’s all. † They do not condone exclusivity in a relationship, because that involved feelings of love and family and could lead to a disturbance on their social stability. We can totally mirror this in our present society. For example, few days ago a law gave underage girls the ability to purchase the morning after pill. This liberalism in sexuality is bad in the long run. This is allowing children to start their sexual life earlier, when thirteen year old kids are already having sex, there would be no exclusivity by the time they get married; there will be no family values within our society everything will be just about sex just as it was on the book. But were not responsible for those actions because this was all they knew. They manipulated them since babies so they’ll grow up to be a part of their caste and to do what that caste was supposed to do and be happy with it, therefore be more productive in society. Even though, this world was depicted as perfect and everyone seemed to be happy with their lame controlled lives, there were people that were really affecter with the ideals. For example, alpha Bernard Marx, he was a quiet guy that like to use soma (their cocaine-like drug) seemed to be in love with Lenina, he wanted something more than sex from her, but she was know pretty much as a slut, because probably half of the men in the conditioning center had slept with her and he is disgusted to hear the men in the elevator talk about Lenina as though she were meat. People in our society would look upon Brave New World; we would see it as a place of immoral behavior and obscenity. This could this possibly be because they were conditioned to all that and cannot realize it. They could just as easily be conditioned into thinking that only their thoughts are correct. Everyones goal in every culture is to reach a state of ultimate happiness. The society of Brave New World is just the same, but they go in different way by manipulation on actions, feelings and reproduction. There’s no need to sacrifice personal desires for the greater good. I think that what will make us really happy is the ability to freely make decisions about our own behavior and life, rather than relying on our society standards and what the government wants us to do. As an individual, I enjoy making my own decisions about what I want to be and about my sentimental relationship. I think anyone would want to strive to reach their full potential when they have the opportunity and freely reach their maximum happiness.

The Sans-Cullotes During the French Revolution :: History

The Sans-Cullotes During the French Revolution 1793 was an important year during the French Revolution, king Louis XVI was executed for his perjury, amongst other crimes. A month later, France declared war on Great Britain, causing food riots in Paris. There were also various "Federalist" revolts that erupted in many important provincial centres against Paris domination. The source is a public document, due to the fact that it was published in a newspaper, "Le Pà ¨re Duchesne". "Pà ¨re Duchesne" was a name given to certain pamphleteers, who became the voice of the "sans-culottes", pro-revolutionary town folk that didn't wear breeches, but wore workmen's trousers as a political gesture amongst the working class civilians. "Le Pà ¨re Duchesne" was written and published by Jacques-Renà © Hà ©bert, a French journalist and revolutionary, he gained the support of the working classes through his newspaper and was prominent in the Cordeliers. Hà ©bert was obviously interested in gaining political power through the general public with his pro-revolutionary views, however, eventually he was sentenced to death by the tribunal on the charge of formenting insurrection. Jacques-Renà © Hà ©bert provides useful information in the extract taken from "Le Pà ¨re Duchesne", on the "sans-culottes". He gives fairly detailed descriptions on who the "sans-culottes" really were: "The sans-culotte is useful because he knows how to plough a field, to forge iron, use a saw, to file, to roof a house, to make shoes-and to spill his blood to the last drop for the safety of the Republic" In the first paragraph of the extract, "the cream of sans-culotterie", is used to describe the finest of the working class "sans-culottes". This phrase is immediatly followed by, "the garrets of the working-men", in this case the word "garrets", means the attics or rooms in a roof. At the bottom of the first paragraph the author, mentions "l'Ami des Lois", this was a French theatrical comedy at the time, followed by "Chaste Suzanne", which was a popular operetta. "The citizenesses in the gallery", is used in the second paragraph to describe the women that the upper-class men would seek to win approval of. In the final paragraph, "the sans-culotte always has his sword with the edge sharpened, ready to cut off the ears of all opponents of the Revolution", is symbolic for uprising and anger of the pro-revolutionary "sans-culottes". In the extract, the testimony that the author, Jacques-Renà © Hà ©bert, wishes to convey is that, although the "sans-culottes", are lower, working-class citizens, they are still important and essential to the French Republic.

Man’s Nature is Evil †Hsun Tzuu Essay

Man’s basis need is to survive and thrive. This is such because he loves himself. This love for himself is makes him selfish and selfishness makes him evil. There is no one in this world that doesn’t love himself. This love for himself makes him put his needs over everything else. Putting one’s needs over other and not being considerate towards others and harming them for own advantage is evil. There was millions of ways to show how men are evil. To begin with there are numerous accounts where men led wars against other countries, destroyed property. In the name of conquering their land they have taken innocent lives all for their own interest. They try to justify the wars by saying it’s to solve a certain issue but there’s no way war is a solution to any problem. Men have cheated and robbed others in the name of trade and commerce. The biggest example is â€Å"Capitalism† which makes rich people richer and poor people constantly poorer. Gove rnments all around the world have invented laws and regulations to subjugate people. It is invented to protect the rich and powerful from the poor and unfortunate people so that they can’t come back and reclaim their stolen rights. The rich and powerful are always going to look down upon the poor people. If the poor people are given a chance they’ll surely rob the rich people of their assets and do exactly what the rich people did to them. There’s no mercy no forgiveness neither there is any love and spirit of brotherhood among men. All these injustice, fighting, wars, deception and lies everything proves that man’s basic nature is evil. Hsun Tzu says man’s true nature is evil and goodness comes out as a result of his conscience activity, which is absolutely true. There are practical and true arguments that he made in his essay where he depicts his man’s true form of wickedness. First of all if a man is not evil then he wouldn’t need any teacher or guidance to be a good person or to do good things yet he needs to be constantly guided by principles and instructions to become better. If a man is originally good in his true nature then there is no way that he can get derailed from his true nature. But as soon as his born he is more driven towards all the wrongdoings so his nature can be originally pure and good. Being respectful towards their elders and being careful towards  their children is what a man is supposed to do. They are not going to eat until the elders have eaten or not going to rest until they will demand rest until they have provided for their elders and children but all these go ag ainst their true emotions. If they were originally good in nature then man would have been naturally respectful to others therefore his nature is what we call the opposite of good . A man is fond of beautiful sights, sound and taste. Seeking the beauty to please him is his true nature. He admires the outer beauty rather than the beauty hidden inside. He loves the beautiful exterior rather than looking deep inside somebody. He will never like person with an ugly face; will never chose something with a bad taste and smell even if it’s a medicine. This exemplifies his evil and vague nature. If a man’s nature was originally good then the sage kings who invented ritual principles out of their conscience activity would have never had to make them. Man would do good things and make just decisions without the sage king’s inventing the ritual principles. All the arguments that Hsun Tzu makes here have supported my views about man’s nature being evil. He has reassured my understandings about man’s true nature. If mankind is left free to indulge in his true passion this world will soon fall into chaos and turmoil. There will be no peace no concord no harmony no amity. We will die of injustice and our own passion of wickedness. This is why we need the precious ritual principles so that we can survive and let other live. With the above being discussed it is appropriate to say that man’s true nature is evil.

Four Traditions of Geography Essay

Four Tradition of Geography The Four Traditions of Geography has many different assumptions and aspects of geography; aspects ranging from basic mapping and geometry, to the impact on nature of humans and the processes of the earth itself. Geographers can study and explain their research by selecting a certain tradition that leads to many different fields of geography. â€Å"There are four traditions whose identification provides an alternative to the competing monistic definitions that have been a geographer’s lot† (Pattison 1964). The following discussion treats the traditions in this order: (1) a spatial tradition, (2) an area studies tradition, (3) a man-land tradition and (4) an earth science tradition† (Pattison 1964). Pattison is exploring all the categories of geography and he is explaining how these different traditions can uncover the meanings of different studies of geography. â€Å"Going further one can uncover the meanings of â€Å"systematic geogra phy,† â€Å"regional geography,† â€Å"urban geography,† â€Å"industrial geography,† etc. † (Pattison 1964). Spatial tradition is an area of concentration that relies on geometry and movement. It also is the study of mapping as seen in the ancient Greece recordings of such, and it also deals with the GIS system. GIS is any system that captures, stores, analyzes, manages, and presents data that are linked to a location. It explores the central place theory and how it is used in geography. Central place theory is the geography theory that seeks to explain the number, size and location of human settlements in an urban system. Area Studies, just like the spatial tradition it has roots from many, many years ago. The Greek philosopher, Strabo, wrote an encyclopedia about geographical knowledge. â€Å"He is Strabo, celebrated for his Geography which is a massive production addressed to the statesmen of Augustan Rome and intended to sum up and regularize knowledge not of the location of places and associated cartographic facts, as in the somewhat later case of Ptolemy, but of the nature of places, their character and their differentiation† (Pattison 1964). The area-studies tradition was tended to be excluded from early American professional geography. Today, it is beset by certain champions of the spatial tradition who would have one believe that somehow the area studies way of organizing knowledge is only a subdepartment of spatialism† (Pattison 1964). It concentrates on the descriptions of regions in order to differentiate them from other regions and areas. Being able to understand geography in these terms can reveal the deepest knowledge of the world’s environment. The Man-Land tradition describes the human impact in nature and also the impact of nature on humans, and it also defines the nature disasters our world takes on. Social Darwinism simply grabbed a theory from the biosciences and applied it to social happenings without the lengthy process of trial and error for social data which led to environmentalism. Environmentalism is a broad philosophy and social movement regarding concerns for environmental conservation and improvement of the environment. Man-Land gives us the basic perception on the environment and what is happening to it. The earth science tradition, embraces the study of the earth, the waters of the earth, and the atmosphere surrounding the earth and the association between the earth and the sun† (Pattison 1964). On two different hands of the topic, it is being used and then it is not being used. â€Å"On one hand, it is not always elected as the best tradition as it has been decreasing in use from past decades, while on the other one knows that college departments rely substantially, for justification of their role in general education, upon curricular content springing directly from this tradition† (Pattison 1964). It also acknowledges the human impact on the planet but mainly focuses on the planet itself and its physical processes. Geology, mineralogy, paleontology, glaciology, and meteorology all have rooted out of these studies. From reading â€Å"Four Traditions of Geography† and â€Å"In Search of Synthesis,† Area Studies tradition is my personal preference on this matter. Gober talks about the many different specialties that lie in between human and physical geography, and I grasped that I am more of a physical, on-hands doing person. With human geography you study societies as a whole and I am more interested in urbanization of the earth and how we can use the land we have in a fashion that is basically perfect. I am interested in the different regions because I am really fascinated in real estate and I figure I would learn a whole lot about the physical aspect of geography. I feel that I could really excel in real estate with this kind of learning. The Four Traditions of Geography has different definitions and aspects of geography. With the information given, people are given the opportunity to understand what geography is all about and be able to break geography down and select a certain practice from the very selective topic. â€Å"It is hoped that through a widened willingness to conceive of and discuss the field in terms of these traditions, geography will be better able to secure the inner unity and outer intelligibility† (Pattison 1964). William D. Pattison, The Four Traditions of Geography, (1964).

Azande and witchcraft in medieval Europe Essays

Azande and witchcraft in medieval Europe Essays Azande and witchcraft in medieval Europe Paper Azande and witchcraft in medieval Europe Paper Compare and contrast examples and principles of witchcraft from either two different societies, or two different time periods, to point out what has changed and what has stayed the same.  In this essay I am going to look at two types of witchcraft and attempt to compare them. I have chosen witchcraft amongst the Azande and witchcraft in medieval  England.  Evans-pritchard found that the Azande have an profound interest in the discussion of witchcraft as a topic of conversation, compared to articulation about God (Mbori). Although witches conceived by the Azande do not exist, a natural theory is found in witchcraft. This provides an explanation for hapless events and a way to respond to such events. Witchcraft plays a daily part in zande life. It is everywhere from domestic life of the home to the labour of hunting and fishing. In medieval England  there was not the same frequency of witchcraft as that which occurs daily in the Azande. Witchcraft was becoming very popular in the fourteenth century and came to its high during the reign of Queen Elizabeth. The English too were intrigued by witchcraft however in medieval England and later periods, witchcraft was against the law and was seen as an offence against God and Man. Witchcraft involved the renunciation of God. The witch would make a pact with the devil and this is how she gained her powers. Keith Thomas states that the church constructed witch craze by producing literature on witches or devils worshippers and highlighting how the witches were thought to have conducted themselves. The belief in witches was an explosive force and witchcraft expanded after the Renaissance. Trevor-Roper believes that the church exploited pagan beliefs. The theory of Satans Kingdom was produced with its hierarchy of demons and witches. Witchcraft was known as the new diabolical religion and the persecution of apparent witches began. This theory was used in the trial of witches and in judicial torture. H.C. Lea points out that some of the more extravagant details remain absent from the confessions of English witches, compared to the rest of Europe. This could have been something to do with the fact that witches in England were hanged not burnt unlike in Europe. H.C. Lea also states that the rise and decline concerning the use of judicial torture is directly associated with the rising and slope of the witch craze in Europe. Trevor-Roper states from the evidence supplied by H.C.Lea that the witch craze grew by its own momentum. It maybe concluded that there is a association between the two processes as judges in England sometimes refused to allow the testimony as they knew it had been obtained under duress. Prof. Robbins interpretation of witchcraft, in his encyclopà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½dia of witchcraft and demonology (1959) states that witchcraft was never of the people in essence the persecution of witches was a product of a cold-blooded campaign launched by self-interested clerics and inquisitors. It had no genuine social roots.  Certain people are believed by the Azande to possess a material substance in their body, which can cause damage or injury to people and property. This matter is called Mangu. Mangu is a red/black oral organ, located between the breastbone and intestines. A person can use this to cause witchcraft. As a consequence of this doctrine, all human conduct must be regulated in an elaborate values system.  Mangu is passed from father to son and mother to daughter. However it does not necessarily mean the grandfather or grandmother had it to. The Azande believe that there is nothing special about being a witch as you could be one yourself.

Age No Bar For An Adventure Tourism Essay Essays

Age No Bar For An Adventure Tourism Essay Essays Age No Bar For An Adventure Tourism Essay Essay Age No Bar For An Adventure Tourism Essay Essay Each one of us has a desire to make something extreme in our life. When we dream we do non believe of what could be the possible barriers. The world to a great extend does non ever fit with dreams. But there is one topographic point where age is no standard. Where you can simple pin indicate your pick and travel for it. It is adventure athleticss. Although the myth related with escapade athletics make people think otherwise but the world is that Adventure athleticss is a merriment activity. It is risk free and can be done by anyone. If you are 50 old ages old and wish to make a mountain expedition so travel for it. Tough or easy is in the head. If you have the will and excitement half the conflict is won. Adventures can be classified in two parts. One sort is known as Soft escapades and other type is hardcore. Soft escapades are the 1s which do non necessitate any sort of accomplishments. They are more a leisure activity but they besides provide certain degree of challenge that is needed for any escapade to be escapade. Hard nucleus escapade is anything that requires you to contend the nature like trekking, mountain climbing, skiing and H2O rafting. Soft escapades are really popular amongst households. The thought of scuba diving in the bluish Waterss of Andman or Lakshwadeep or hot air ballooning above the desert of Thar is a really appealing thought among all age groups. And the utmost athleticss like bungee jumping or skiing the highest inclines or even trekking the highest mountain base on ballss by and large chosen by experts or risked by childs. The ground why most of the adult ups prefer the safe options of luxury vacations or soft escapades is because the idea forms formed from their immature age is that this is the clip to play and hold merriment because when you have more duties all this wont suit you. Other ground is that people do non take attention of their wellness from start and so do old age an alibi for non being adventuresome. The grounds can be any but the fact remains that if a individual has the will so he can decidedly seek any adventure athleticss and win. A few facts that will do this fact more credible are that most of the trekkers in America are in-between aged work forces. There are even some older than that. They have climbed some of the most feared mountains and performed some of the most electrifying stunts. Most of the individual travellers from abroad are females aged 40 or more. The popularity of escapade athleticss and the safety attached to it has grown so much that even oldies do non mind giving it a shooting. The popularity of escapade athleticss has caught up with everyone. When the media is traveling out of the manner to advance people from all age group are lured by it.

Difference between Pressing and Ironing

Difference between Pressing and Ironing Difference between Pressing and Ironing Difference between Pressing and Ironing By Maeve Maddox Sridhar Nyapathi asks What is the difference between pressing clothes and ironing clothes? To me, in a domestic context, ironing clothes requires more preparation than pressing them. If Im getting ready to go out and discover that my clean clothing is slightly wrinkled, Ill heat the iron and make a quick pass to smooth the fabric. I call that pressing. If, on the other hand, Ive failed to remove my clothes from the dryer quickly enough to prevent wrinkling, Ill sprinkle and roll them and fill the steam iron in order to smooth out the deepset wrinkles. I call that ironing. (Actually, Id probably just wash them again and make sure to stop the dryer in time.) In a commercial context, the word pressing is the word used to describe the process of getting out wrinkles. Here are some quotations from the web: ‘Mum suggested brother make bed up on floor under ironing board. Brother is staying at friend’s house’ (www.theguardian.com) attention to details. (One has to master the art of not making polyester shine, or double creasing.) As I was ironing a pair of pants the other day - something I hardly ever do anymore - it reminded me of my grandmother and my (www.chicagotribune.com) Apparatus for hot-pressing clothes, linen, or other textile articles, i.e. being applied to the article; Similar machines for cold-pressing clothes, linen, Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Slang Terms for MoneyTime Words: Era, Epoch, and Eon10 Types of Hyphenation Errors

The Technology behind MMOG or MMORPG Lab Report

The Technology behind MMOG or MMORPG - Lab Report Example The ever growing internet is one of the factors that can be attributed to the huge success that is witnessed in gaming. It has made it possible to have improvements on the dedicated gaming on the game consoles, the gaming PCs and most importantly, the chance to engage with other players irrespective of their global positioning. The advert of the Smart phones and mobile broadband has also made it possible for people to access the games using their mobile phones. This has also led to an increase in the number of companies that are developing games. Private developers have also not been left out especially after the launch of Android open source platform. Traditionally, gaming was seen as a thing for young boys. This has however changed significantly over the years thanks to the introduction of mobile phones and social networks. Developers have come up with games that are friendly to children, women and even girls. Some of these additions include puzzles, quizzes, arcades and even educa tional games. In fact, it has been observed that women gamers even outnumber their male counterparts in some age sets (Adolph, 2010). The best indicator to how much gaming has impacted the current society is the reports given in the Technology watch report by Adolph (2010). Reportedly, a gaming company lost over 171 million dollars when it experienced a one month outage. Terminals and platforms The gaming industry has seen a huge improvement not only in hardware but also in software over the years. In fact, gaming usually reflects the best and state-of-the-art electronics that are available in the era. The gaming industry has come along way. It began as single game units otherwise known as the pong machines which were placed in arcade halls in the 70s and the 80s. This was followed by the gaming consoles in the 90s and PC games also came on the scene almost concurrently with the gaming consoles. The PC game revolution paved way for easier and more convenient gaming since the games c ould be transported on ROM cartridges, tapes, CD-ROMS and DVDs. This is known as the sneakernet method of transporting games. The evolution in the gaming industry was rapid but the rapid development brought with it the challenge of lack of interoperability. The incompatibility of games and accessories of the games on the platforms provided was a huge challenge not only to the gamers but also to the developers. The advent of social networks and mobile phones has greatly helped to reduce the issues of interoperability but the challenges are still not fully solved. There are still many games that are platform locked (Adolf, 2010). Consoles Microsoft, Sega, Nintendo, Sony and Sega have taken the game industry by storm. They have likewise changed over the years in response to the changing environment in the ICT world. Some of the considerable advancements that have been introduced over the years are network functions, input devices like guitars, joy sticks and other natural user interfac es. The graphics of consoles have greatly been enhanced too. Each company has come up with its own devices that are locked to their platform in a bid to lock in the customers they have. This is a disadvantage to the gamers since the environment makes it impossible for gamers to use any third part accessories on the consoles. In fact, it is not even possible to transfer ones scores in a game from one console to another. Personal computers The contribution of

Business Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Business Strategy - Assignment Example According to this theory, a producer should work hard to make a product that has an appealing design, such that the customer gets to like the product before even using it. This theory explains that, for the satisfaction of the customers, the strategy that the business takes into consideration should tolerate achievements that are not for the long-term sustenance; rather, they should tolerate achievements that are lofty. There should be the addressing of the competitive advantage keenly in this context of business. The theory explains that for a business to achieve the strategy, it should be defensive rather than offensive; this helps the business to avoid the acute angle, leading to the loss of customers (Campbell & Edgar 2011). Theory of pricing For customers to afford the goods that are in the offer, the prices should be at their level of income. Thus, a legitimate business strategy should ensure that the pricing favours the majority of customers. According to this theory, the busi ness should first evaluate the level of income of the customer by conducting presale marketing, thus, they are able to know what is the best price to sell the goods such that they realise the optimum profits. Market mixing theory This theory aims at tapping customers from all runs of life by a business. Thus, the business ensures that the products that the business creates possess no bias on grounds of age, sex or religion. According to the theory, conducting of promotions ensures that the business learns of the potential market, thus, is able to establish the various strategies to put in place so as to increase its market. Production of products that favour all the people is the consideration in this technique (Ireland & Hoskisson 2008). Theory of competency The theory by McDonald’s explains that a business should consider a strategy that allows for the competence of employees for the maximum production. The technique indicates that the business should ensure that the strate gy does not create monotony on the workers. Giving breaks during working hours and offering considerable salaries, as well as vocational training to its employees, ensures competency (Kourdi 2009). Critical reflection in presentation of work This is essential in comparing the theory business aspects to the practical bit of business. Consideration of these factors ensures that there are minimal errors in running of the business. In work under presentation, there is a comprehensive description of the work done, from the resources in application to the actual sale of the goods. Use of critical reflection is through the determination of the actual meaning of the description. There is critical reflection due to the addition of the depth and breadth. This is through questioning things that help in the relation of the meaning of the work under presentation to a context of professional, as well as personal issues. The application of this work is essential because a business will succeed if what the management outlines for the business, that is, the theory bit is the same to the practical bit of business. Thus, customers get the best satisfaction from the products that a business sells to them (Ireland & Hoskisson 2008). The various techniques aim at legitimating the operations of the business such that the business strategy shows a building platform which ensures there is consolidation of numerous products that the business produces. The consolidation of the products leads to massive profits by the business, as

Working Capital Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Working Capital - Coursework Example Inventory forms a major component of the working capital accounting process and hence is considered to be an asset for the company that will generate additional cash flow when cash flow is realized (Mulford & Comiskey, 2005). Working capital and inventory have somewhat of a symbiotic relationship where inventory is accounted within the current assets side of the working capital measurement formula (Schroeder, Clark & Cathay, 2011). Working capital is measured as current assets minus current liabilities. Organizations that have large amounts of sales are often left with huge inventory positions. This brings in a huge change in the working capital position of the company. Hence we understand how inventory can be used to manipulate liquidity position while calculating working capital (Narayanan & Nanda, 2004). It is argued that inventory should not be included while calculating for working capital to determine the liquidity positions of the company. A far better representation of company’s liquidity is the quick ratio where inventories are removed. The rationale behind such argument is as below. Inventory is generally considered on the asset side of the balance sheet under the current asset subhead. The logic behind being that inventories are finished goods or work in progress that shall get sold and liquidated soon and shall there by generate revenue causing a positive cash flow to the business. However, certain corporations also consider inventory as current liability. Their argument is that inventories can be used in exchange of bills payable and such other short term loans which becomes a liability for the business unless it is paid off. Also as per the ASB opinion 9, current liabilities are classified as obligations theta are expected to be liquidated within a period of one year or the normal operating cycle (US GAAP, n.d.). Hence inventory inclusion might also create

Health Insurance Costs Versus Privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Insurance Costs Versus Privacy - Essay Example If such adjustments cannot be accommodated, CBD may revoke the job offer. This, however, should always be an absolute last resort. Federal regulations illegalize CBD from discriminating against job applicants or workers based on their genetic information. CBD may test workers to ascertain if they have illegal drugs or alcohol or in their systems. The law prohibits them from testing employees' genetic predisposition to alcoholism or drug abuse (Mathiason, 2007). Wellness programs such as the one proposed by owners of CBD in option two of their two- step program cannot be considered illegal by the law. A wellness program that renders an incentive conditioned on participation in a health program is not discriminatory under Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). However, the Act prohibits CBD health plans from discriminating based on a health factors such as; health status, medical condition, claim experience, receipt of health care, and medical history. Examples in clude nicotine addiction and body mass index (Mathiason, 2007). Collective bargaining is where employers and employees negotiate agreements that regulate terms of employment. Employees belong to a union that voices their interests. Collective bargaining in the automobile industry in United States has developed since 1930’s. ... According to Block (2006), Ford and GM companies UAW negotiated wage increases by an average of 7.2% annually from 1961-1980 and increased by 3.6% from 1985-2004. The union also negotiated for employment security, and this amounted to 5.9% to the hourly income paid by the companies. Following this, the union traded half of its wage increase for job security guarantees. However, in 2005 and 2006, the union negotiations focused on health care and employment levels. This resulted to companies faced with the dilemma of paying for health care benefits of retirees. Health insurance was, therefore, not provided by non-U.S.-based firms opened in the mid-1980. In 2006- 2007, GM and Ford reflected this concern by providing health care benefits to active employees for the remainder of their employment contracts. Eventually, the two organizations drew a plan whereby they paid for health insurance of active employees and retirees. This has resulted in severe financial losses for automobile indust ries such as Ford and GM. Considering the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the general duties of first-line managers include providing safe areas of access and exit to place of work, providing healthy and safe place of work, maintaining safe facilities, equipment and working areas and ensuring safe work systems. The first line managers ensure management and other staff members comply with their duties regarding safety and health regulations in the work place (Pomfret, 2006). On the other hand, finance managers ensure the company adopts and integrates an effective Occupational Safety and Health regulation Act. This leads to a sound investment and produces excellent financial rewards for the company. They plan, organize, lead and control all

Should government provide free public education to children of illegal Research Paper

Should government provide free public education to children of illegal immigrants - Research Paper Example The right can only be contested from the standpoint of reason. Based on this, lawmakers can make laws or amend the constitution 3. It is difficult to sustain, the expenses that will be required to implement the law is likely huge and American social order can be threatened IV. Conclusion The rights of children of illegal immigrants to free education accorded to citizens of the United States must be rescinded because it threatens order in American society Should children of illegal immigrants be given rights to free education? I. Introduction Offer (2012, p. 187) revealed that â€Å"undocumented children still face numerous obstacles when attempting to access public school education.† New questions have been raised on the â€Å"right of children on non-immigrant visas to enroll in school† (Ofer, 2012, pp. 187-188). Addressing the questions is important because around 12 million unauthorized immigrants live in the United States and the past 10 years has recorded an averag e of about 500,000 illegal entrants to the United States each year (Hanson, 2009). The problem of illegal immigrants appear difficult to solve as illegal immigration continues even large volume of resources have been poured in â€Å"securing US borders, ports, and airports; and since 2006, a growing rate of policies have targeted unauthorized immigrants within the country and their employers† (Hanson, 2009, p. 1). ... 11). This is specially the case when the expense is taken â€Å"relative to the potential gains from eliminating illegal entry† (Hanson, 2009, p. 11). Earlier, Hanson (2007, p. 5) also pointed out that there is even â€Å"little evidence that legal immigration is economically preferable to illegal immigration.† A related question is: should illegal immigrants be given right to free education in the same manner accorded to US citizens? II. Arguments supporting the rights of children of illegal immigrants to free education According to Ofer (2012, p. 187), â€Å"thirty years ago, the Supreme Court ruled in Plyler v. Doe that undocumented children have the same rights to access a public school education as a children who are United States citizens or immigrant lawfully admitted to the United States.† According to Ofer (2012, p. 188), â€Å"in 1982, the Supreme Court ruled in Plyler v. Doe that states must not deny the equal protection of the laws to a subclass of c hildren based solely on their immigration status, and that undocumented children have the same right as children who are U.S. citizens or immigrant children lawfully admitted to the United States.† According to Ofer (2012), based on the Supreme Court decision, the right of undocumented children to access free education in the same manner granted to citizens is guaranteed under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. According to Ofer (2012, p. 191), â€Å"the Equal Protection Clause provides that no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.† Most importantly, Offer (2012, p. 192) pointed out that â€Å"the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution is not confined to the protection of citizens† as the

Health Insurance Costs Versus Privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Insurance Costs Versus Privacy - Essay Example If such adjustments cannot be accommodated, CBD may revoke the job offer. This, however, should always be an absolute last resort. Federal regulations illegalize CBD from discriminating against job applicants or workers based on their genetic information. CBD may test workers to ascertain if they have illegal drugs or alcohol or in their systems. The law prohibits them from testing employees' genetic predisposition to alcoholism or drug abuse (Mathiason, 2007). Wellness programs such as the one proposed by owners of CBD in option two of their two- step program cannot be considered illegal by the law. A wellness program that renders an incentive conditioned on participation in a health program is not discriminatory under Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). However, the Act prohibits CBD health plans from discriminating based on a health factors such as; health status, medical condition, claim experience, receipt of health care, and medical history. Examples in clude nicotine addiction and body mass index (Mathiason, 2007). Collective bargaining is where employers and employees negotiate agreements that regulate terms of employment. Employees belong to a union that voices their interests. Collective bargaining in the automobile industry in United States has developed since 1930’s. ... According to Block (2006), Ford and GM companies UAW negotiated wage increases by an average of 7.2% annually from 1961-1980 and increased by 3.6% from 1985-2004. The union also negotiated for employment security, and this amounted to 5.9% to the hourly income paid by the companies. Following this, the union traded half of its wage increase for job security guarantees. However, in 2005 and 2006, the union negotiations focused on health care and employment levels. This resulted to companies faced with the dilemma of paying for health care benefits of retirees. Health insurance was, therefore, not provided by non-U.S.-based firms opened in the mid-1980. In 2006- 2007, GM and Ford reflected this concern by providing health care benefits to active employees for the remainder of their employment contracts. Eventually, the two organizations drew a plan whereby they paid for health insurance of active employees and retirees. This has resulted in severe financial losses for automobile indust ries such as Ford and GM. Considering the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the general duties of first-line managers include providing safe areas of access and exit to place of work, providing healthy and safe place of work, maintaining safe facilities, equipment and working areas and ensuring safe work systems. The first line managers ensure management and other staff members comply with their duties regarding safety and health regulations in the work place (Pomfret, 2006). On the other hand, finance managers ensure the company adopts and integrates an effective Occupational Safety and Health regulation Act. This leads to a sound investment and produces excellent financial rewards for the company. They plan, organize, lead and control all

SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC POLICY-CASE STUDIES IN POLICY PowerPoint Presentation - 1

SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC POLICY-CASE STUDIES IN POLICY DECISION - PowerPoint Presentation Example However, an analysis of the economic and implications to the industry indicate that the project was a worthy venture. In addition, international pressure, technological and issues pertaining to foreign policy indicated that the project was worthwhile. In looking at the procedures followed in estimating the cost of producing the TSR-2 planes there is the realization that budgeting was a major problem. The budgeting process might have been a bad note to begin a project of this caliber, but one still needs to understand that the project was fairly new and the details were still hazy. The BAC Company gave the government a fairly good deal of  £ 625 million but the government’s final offer stood at  £ 620 million. The general realization is that there were many problems that had already been associated with the project other than the cost that influenced its final cancellation. The over-politicization and concentration on the problems overshadowed the long term economic benefits of the project. For instance, the fact that the Australians opted for the America F111 did not imply that they were not ready to buy the TSR-2. TSR-2 was superior technologically and maybe the Australians wanted a better deal with better terms. For instance, the Australians could have been allowed to test the TSR-2 using their own pilots in British Soil. The TSR-2 project also happened at a time when the government had placed strict regulations governing military expenditure. In addition, the bureaucracy created by the Ministry of Defense and Ministry of Supplies presented numerous challenges for the project at different stages; these factors only magnified the already evident skeptism surrounding the project. The government was looking at the amount of revenue that would be immediately saved and perhaps channeled in other areas instead of concentrating on the long term benefits of the project. However, the number of jobs

Indian Republic Day Speech Essay Example for Free

Indian Republic Day Speech Essay India celebrates our 64th Republic Day which is one of three national days in India. Commonly 64th Republic Day is a public holiday in most of the countries to honor the day on which the country first became republics. In such some are Commonwealth countries, the British sovereign was ruling the state until the change of status. Even though India obtained freedom on August 15, 1947, Indian Constitution implemented and came into effect only on January 26, 1950. King George VI, the last and only â€Å"King† of the modern India, was leading our state during the evolution period from 1947 to 1950. Lord Mountbatten and C. Rajagopalachari were serving as the Governors-General of India at that time. Afterwards Rajendra Prasad was elected as the first president of India on January 26, 1950. With this the Parliament officially approved the Constitution of India and declared itself as a â€Å"Republic† on January 26, 1950, a date thereafter celebrated every year as Republic Day in India. Lets know about India Republic Day official celebration in New Delhi. According to the Republic Day celebration on January 26th every year a grand parade is held in New Delhi, the Capital of India, beginning from Raisina Hill near the Presidential Palace Rashtrapati Bhavan, along the Rajpath, past India Gate and on to the historic Red Fort in the heart of the city to honor this occasion. Defence forces of state, Indian Army force, the Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force performs the past in parade with their ceremonial dress and official decorations on this auspicious occasion of Republic Day. At the end of parade Air Force jets perform a colorful flypast by in a Tiranga formation which is adventurous and eye-catching at a time. Similar celebrations with such parades are held in the capitals of all the states of India on the Republic day. The Governor of the each state takes the salute in their respective celebrations. More over all official government offices will also celebrate this national day which is also considered as people’s day. Once this salutation gets over, a 21 gun salute is presented, the President unfurls the National Flag and the National Anthem is performed. This regards the beginning of the parade. The Republic day Parade commences with winners of bravery awards passing the President in open jeeps. We all are proud to be Indians and would salute the great glory of our country. By saying this I would like to finish my speech.

How Sunderland Prepared for the Air Raids

How Sunderland Prepared for the Air Raids Chapter 1 Preparing for Invasion: A case study of how Sunderland prepared for the air raids. Helen Jones highlights that In the 1930s experts and the public believed that in a future war, enemy aircraft would drop bombs that would devastate civilian populations.[1] Thus suggesting that the fear of aerial bombardment was not only on the mind of experts but the public as well, thus indicating they feared they could be killed from the destruction the bombs could cause. In 1939, Adolf Hitlers Luftwaffe took to the skies to terrorise the UK with the threat of dropping bombs. Hitler wanted to attack the United Kingdom in the dark of the night to ensure that the Luftwaffe attacks were not visible, thus creating a surprise attack on the civilians. The North-East of England was a prime target for Hitler as Sunderland in particular produced 25% of Britains shipping tonnage during the war thus highlighting the significance the North-East played in support the national war effort.[2] Also, Sunderland had long been hailed as the largest shipbuilding town in the world thus highlighting th e significant role Wearside played during the outbreak of Second World War. [3] Britain in particular on a national scale wanted to ensure that there was a defensive strategy in place to protect its nation from European attacks to prevent such an incident occurring like that of The Great War and the Zeppelin attacks, Calder indicates that Britain during the First World War had been raided by zeppelins, major damage had been caused across the country and many people did not have protection due to shelters not being prepared for the invasion.[4] As Travis L. Crosby indicates [i]n 1924, the Committee of Imperial Defence (CID) created a sub-committee to review civil defence policy alluding to the fact that the Government wanted a re-assessment and development of the current policy in order to strengthen the civil defence in case of the outbreak of another war.[5] Britains approach to providing air raid protection was very low key, not until the late 1930s the Air Raid Protection (ARP) committee as Joseph S. Meisel asserts embraced a wide range of measures to protect both the civilian population and the infrastructure.[6] A National Service booklet which was distributed to local governments nationwide indicated that there is a need for both men and women to join their local Air Raid Precaution service.[7] To entice people to join the war effort the people of Sunderland and in other areas were offered free training and if personnel had to relocate due to war demands then people were able to transfer from one local authority to another. Wearside needed protection from the German air threat so devised plans to train and ensure they had enough Air Raid Wardens (ARW) for the inhabitants of Sunderland and surrounding areas. The ARP wanted to have 5 to 6 wardens for every 400-500 inhabitants who have a thorough knowledge of their area. The Sunderland Borough Council ARP Committee highlight that one major responsibility of an ARW is to keep in touch and lease with inhabitants within their sector. [8] In 1937, British experts estimated that there was going to be a new war enemy, indicating that Hitler was goin g to try and recreate the carnage caused during the First World War by attacking Britain again by air. [9] In order to ensure that every inhabitant of Sunderland had a chance to contribute towards the war effort and protection of their locality numerous jobs were made available for them such as Rescue and Demolition Parties, First Aid Parties, Ambulance Drivers and Attendants just to name a few. [10] Allowing the people of Sunderland to be involved with the war effort ensured somewhat that public morale was on a high, thus highlighting that the residents of Sunderland had a sense of purpose. Due to the ever growing threat of bombings being immanent the ARP had to quickly mobilize ensuring that there was enough shelters and protection in place for the civilians of Britain. By September 28th 1939, there was 3,329 men and 740 women were involved with the Sunderland ARP highlighting that the people of Wearside wanted to volunteer and help with the protection of their community when they come under the attack of the German air raids.[11] However, initial recruitment to local ARPs was difficult, many people thought that it was a waste of money and training was not worthwhile which caused upset amongst the locals.[12] In 1932, only 500 people had volunteered to be members of the ARP. It was not until 1937 where there was a dramatic increase in locals joining the Wearside ARP, one may suggest that it was the ever growing media coverage of the political rise of Hitler and his plans to invade Poland which caused a spark in recruitment to the ARP. Considering that the Sunderland ARP had 740 women by 1939, highlights that women were a key asset in the ARP program in Sunderland, thus indicating that even though women in the 1930s faced criticism and prejudice the women of Sunderland were able to get involved and play a key role in the Wearside war effort. [13] It is reported that men felt that women should not be involved with the A.R.P as they felt they lacked ability to tackle fires.[14] Thus suggesting that the women of S underland proved to their male counterparts that they could be successfully involved with the local A.R.P programme. The County Borough of Sunderland Council clearly indicated that they had to ensure that ARP provisions were in place in order to gain trust from the Wearside community. On the 20th of October 1938, the council ensured that school rooms across the borough would be used to conduct ARP meetings and to consult to the locals who had any issues or questions.[15] A key issue which was discussed was the locations of the communal air raid shelters. With many people in Sunderland being situated in the working class sphere, not all had the available funds to purchase and design suitable shelters. Craig Armstrong indicates that local Police and fire service were to locate premises that could be converted into use shelters, the council needed to find areas which had a large surface area so they could protect plenty of its residents, this situation was the same for the emergency services in Sunderland.[16] Roker Park, was one location used to protect civilians from the air attacks, being able to h ouse around 1,000 people, thus the council committee made the building of this shelter priority as it was one of the largest to construct. [17] The people of Sunderland were gaining a trust in their local council. They were seeing signs that provisions were being taken from such an early stage during the Second World War. With many of the inhabitants of Sunderland having somewhere to go in the event of an air raid, indicates that the local authorities wanted to ensure that the people of Sunderland were safe. One may suggest that the inhabitants of Sunderland had a new found confidence within their local authority as they were protecting and showing care towards their community. Again as Armstrong suggests the local authority was duty-bound to offer free shelter to those who could not provide it for themselves, due to the introduction of the Civil Defence Act of 1939, all local communities had to ensure that there was enough free shelters for those unable to afford protection.[18] The government wanted to ensure that Britain was protected and offered support to all local authorities who required it, thus being able to pay nin e-tenths of the costs which would alleviate the pressure for local councils to locate funding and provide adequate protection.[19] For those within Sunderland who had a disposable income there was an option to build your own bomb shelter that would only cost  £5, which is not a bad investment for their safety. Average wages during 1930s were around 75.s (shillings a week) which is equivalent to around 300.s a month, which equates to  £36 a month.[20] One may suggest that the poorer population within the community may have struggled to save 14% of the monthly household income to purchase air raid protection. The local authority built public shelters so people had protection if they could not afford it. Local authorities ensured that there was plenty of information given to their communities. The Sunderland ARP issued a step by step guide on how to build the best air raid shelter, which was approved by the Home Office.[21] This guide highlighted the best materials and locations to build a shelter. Inhabitants of Sunderland had a lot to consider with the preparations they need to do for the war, with having to ensure they had ample protection from the bombs, ensuring that homes were blacked-out to limit targeting from the German Luftwaffe, rationing and food shortages, thus resulting in people facing a lot of pressure from local authorities to ensure that the community as a whole can cope during, what would be known as the Second World War. Helen Jones suggests, most people did not go to public shelters, or even ones in their own homes some took cover in a cupboard or under their stairs thus highlighting that civilians found shelter where ever they could when they heard the sound of the air raid sirens.[22] Women, in particular were urged by the media to ensure that places such as cupboards and under the stairs had supplies and provisions in case they could not make it to their outdoor or public shelter. The County Borough of Sunderland Council conducted meetings throughout 1939 ensuring that final provisions were in place to ensure that Wearside was sufficiently protected in the event of an air raid. From a meeting conducted in February 1939, the Sunderland Council discussed the provision of steel shelters which was top of the meeting agenda, thus highlighting that the local government wanted to ensure that most people in Wearside had access to shelters which were reinforced with steel which would offer added protection.[23] Every meeting which was conducted the council were continually opening and closing cases regarding air raid protection. Many of the meetings ensured that emergency supplies were discussed and constant records were recorded to ensure that the local council could keep track of supplies. The air raid wardens in Wearside had access to 2,000 whistles which were growing in supply as the council wanted to ensure that they had enough in case any got damaged during air a ttacks. [24] Also 2,300 first aid kits were supplied by the government to ensure that public shelters had access to medical supplies if they were needed. As well as first aid parties and ambulance drivers they were also supplied with first aid kits to ensure that they could provide emergency first aid if required during and after the destructive air attacks.[25] Whilst preparing for the possible German air invasion, there was an ever growing supply of equipment needed to support the ARP, such as blankets, whistles, first aid kits and clothing. With limited storage space available, due to the local government utilising large storage spaces converting them into public air raid shelters. To resolve the storage problem, the County Borough of Sunderland suggested that local primary and secondary schools in and around the Wearside area should be used to secure equipment in connection with the ARP.[26] Schools were not just institutions used for additional storage of ARP equipment, they were a priority for the Sunderland Council for building air raid shelters. The aim of the local authorities was to ensure that teachers and children had protection in case the air raids occurred during school hours. A total of  £300 was spent on air raid shelters in schools which could house around 50 school children; schools of particular interest were St Anthonys Girls Catholic school and St Marys Grammar school which educated a majority of the children in Wearside.[27] These plans were discussed in August which made it a committee priority as they soon suspected that the air raids would start shortly, it was not until 1st of September 1939 when children throughout England would be evacuated. Final preparations were taking place in Sunderland during August where 300 air raid warning sirens were erected and carrying blackout exercises during the weekend which would result in practice drills which would simulate actual conditions which the people would face during an actual air raid.[28] Wearside Women during World War Two Women played a pivotal role in aiding the preparations for German air raids. Due to the importance of the shipyards and their role in supplying materials for the war effort the people of Sunderland lived under the constant threat of being under attack of German bombing. [29] With the majority of men being conscripted to join the war, women were expected to replace the jobs which men had vacated. As Penny Summerfield indicates the great bulk of wartime domestic work was thrown back to the private sphere of a womans own resources, thus suggesting working women had to fit their domestic duties in with that of their working life.[30] The Wearside shipyards became an area which women were employed [i]n order to keep the yards running at maximum capacity, women were called in to help. As discussed earlier in the chapter, the shipyards were vital to the war effort, so in order to meet the needs of war, women were the only people on the home front who continue production. Working civilians in Sunderland had to prepare for the hardships of war and that of the shipyards being under threat and targeted by German bombers. Morale was not at a high when women went to work, they were slower to recover from the shock of the news than men thus highlighting that the constant media reporting of possible German invasion affected the work ethic of female workers. [31] In the wake of these attacks, attempts were made by those in authority to revive the morale of those living under the constant threat of death. In order to increase morale the people of Sunderland welcomed a visit from King George VI where he visited munitions factories and the shipyards which were a key assets towards the war effort. The Sunderland Echo and Shipping Gazette reported that the King showed gratitude towards the hard work and loyalty of the people of Sunderland highlighting that the royal visit attempted to restore morale, by praising the people of Sunderland and ensuring that their har d work was recognised.[32] Women of Sunderland were encouraged by the local media to ensure that their homes were well equipped in case of an air raid. The Chronicle reported that Home Office advice is to continue and intensify our air raid precautions and it is therefore up to every single woman to making some corner of their home into refuge.[33] This suggests that women had a key role in ensuring that every home within Wearside was protected. Women were encouraged to have a refuge room in their home to use in the event of an emergency. The Chronicle listed resources which could be used to protect the home collect thick curtains, blankets, carpets and thick sheets in order to cover windows and doors to stop any light being visible during the blackouts.[34] Items such as matches and candles were essential in case electricity or gas supply fails. Women were advised to get together the listed items such as scissors, old newspapers, candles and matches in a box or drawer in the refuge room so that they have ever ything they need in the event of an emergency.[35] With women being the forefront of the household during the lead up to the Second World War, they faced disruption to their lives due to state intervention which introduced measures such as rationing. With naval fleets being used in the preparations for the war, the state limited the amount of food imports into the country. Wearside women had were urged to ensure that their homes were equipped in emergency situations, had to work in shipyards on top if having to worry about feeding themselves and family on basic rations. Food such as eggs, bacon, butter and meat were in very short supply, which were replaced by dried or tinned substitutes such as dried egg powder, corned beef and even whale. [36] Kennils highlights that the local government would try all they could to give people good food, but due to shortages substitutes had to be found, in this instance whale meat was provided. With rations, the people of Sunderland had to cope with having basic food supply in their kitchen cupboar ds, one may suggest that morale was effected due to this. With the reduction of luxury foods and not gaining the correct nutrients in a balanced diet would cause people to get restless. It was not just food that was rationed. Coal rich areas such as Sunderland, even had one of its major exports on ration. Coal was needed for fuel during the war effort, so people within Sunderland were limited to what they could use to fuel their homes. To conclude, this chapter has outlined the state preparation and measures put in place in order to protect the country from the German air raids. The County Borough of Sunderland Council ensured that they recruited heavily to the ARP which would aid in the protection of Wearside civilians. This chapter has explored the different shelters and locations of public shelters which were made available for citizens of Sunderland. Finally, this chapter has explored the significant role that women played during the preparations leading to the outbreak of the Second World War. Women had to ensure that their homes were a safe refuge for their family, whilst having to work in shipyards which were vacated due to men being conscripted to war. This chapter has set the scene of how Sunderland prepared for the war. Chapter two will discuss the impact that the bombings had on the area of Sunderland and how morale was affected. [1] Helen Jones, British Civilians in the Front Line: Air Raids, Productivity and Wartime Culture 1939-1945 (Manchester: University Press, 2006), p.58. [2] Winifred Haley, Evacuated from Sunderland Shipyards to Coxhoe, County Durham, (BBC WW2 Peoples War Archive), http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/36/a3781136.shtml. [Date Accessed: 03/11/16] [3] Gillian Cookson, Sunderland: Building a City (London: Philimore, 2010), p. 147. [4] Angus Calder, The Peoples War: Britain 1939-1945 (London: Trinity Press, 1969), p.21. [5] Travis Crosby, The Impact of Civilian Evacuation in the Second World War (London: Croom Helm, 1986), p.13. [6] Joseph S. Meisel,Air Raid Shelter Policy and its Critics in Britain before the Second World War, Twentieth Century British History, vol. 5 issue 03, 1994, pp. 300-319, p.300. [7] Tyne and Wear Archive Service: DX967/7, National Service Booklet, 1939, p.13. [8] ibid [9] Calder, The Peoples War, p.21. [10] TWAS, DX967/7, p.13. [11] TWAS, 209/111, Air Raid Precautions Council Minutes, 28th September 1938. [12] Jones, British Civilians in the Frontline, p.60-61. [13] Ibid, p.61. [14] Harold L. Smith, Britain in the Second World War: A Social History (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1996), p.64-65. [15] TWAS, 209/106, County Borough of Sunderland ARP Precautions. [16] Craig Armstrong, Tyneside in the Second World War (West Sussex: Phillimore Co Ltd, 2007), p.42. [17] TWAS, 209/106, County Borough of Sunderland ARP Precautions [18] Armstrong, Tyneside in the Second World War, p.42. [19] Jones, British Civilians in the Frontline, p.60. [20] Margaret H. Schoenfeld and Anice L. Whitney, Wartime Methods of Dealing with Labour in Great Britain and the Dominions, Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 9, No. 3 (Summer, 1942), p. 530. [21] TWAS, DX 967/7, Your Home as An Air Raid Shelter, Ministry of Home Security, Home Office London,1939. [22] Jones, British Civilians, p.158. [23] TWAS, 209/111, Air Raid Precautions. [24] TWAS, 209/111, Air Raid Precautions Council Minutes, 28th July 1939. [25] Ibid. [26] Ibid. [27] TWAS, 209/111, Air Raid Precautions Council Minutes, 17th August 1939. [28] Ibid. [29] Sunderlands Shipyards during WW2, BBC Legacies. [30] Penny Summerfield, Women Workers in The Second World War: Production and Patriarchy in Conflict (London: Routledge, 1989), p.186. [31] Dorothy Sheridan, (ed), Wartime Women: A Mass- Observation Anthology (London: Heinemann, 1990), p.112. [32] Royal Visit to Wearside, Sunderland Echo and Shipping Gazette, 22 February 1939. [33] Women Collect These, News Chronicle, 28August 1939. [34] Ibid. [35] Ibid. [36] K. Kennils, A War Baby: In Sunderland, (BBC WW2 Peoples War Archive), http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/49/a2038349.shtml. [Date Accessed: 03/11/16]

I Miss Feeling Uncomfortable :: Personal Narrative Essay Example

I Miss Feeling Uncomfortable Going overseas was indeed one of the most amazing experiences of my life. It has had a lasting impact, an impact I feel every day of my life. After living in Swansea, Wales last year, I had grown accustomed to biking along the Atlantic Coast Bay to class everyday, hiking amongst sheep-littered cliffs, more green than I could imagine, and walking the beach, just a quarter-mile from my dorm, on moonlit nights, contemplating the world and my place in it. However, I had also grown accustomed to days on end without seeing the sun, days without talking to anyone, and daily drenchings from riding an old, rusty bike in the rain, which never seemed to stop. Living such a life, completely out of my comfort zone, not knowing a soul, and not being oriented to my new community, I began to feel very depressed. I questioned why I had come and what I was doing there. I missed my friends, my boyfriend, Dagwood's sandwiches, and driving a car down Kirkwood. I missed feeling comfortable. And the furthe r I sank in this depression, the more compassionate and understanding of the human experience I became. I can now see how someone's emotional state truly affects their outlook on life and how they interact with others on a daily basis. Before this, I honestly had no concept of why people were ever rude, mean, and inconsiderate. Sure, we have all had our bad days, and this can influence how we treat others, but I had never had bad months. And in realizing this, through being depressed from being out of my comfort zone, my capacity for compassion and understanding has grown tremendously. When someone commits an injustice to another human being, instead of so quickly judging them, I slow down and ask, "What is it in their life that is causing them to behave in this way? Where are the feelings stemming from? They must be facing some unhappiness in their life." I can relate on a level I had not known before. This has translated into my job at the Shalom Community Center, and into my dail y life in my interactions with people. It has really affected how I see the world and deepened my understanding of the human experience tremendously. After the first few months of isolation and depression, things did pick up! I began to make new friends who I still keep in contact with, from all over Britain and other exchange students from North America.

First Language and Learning English Essay

Language is the most dynamic form of symbolism that cultures possesses. Language is the medium in which people interact and communicate for the exchange of ideas, knowledge and feelings. Language acquisition has been one of the most intriguing aspects of human nature and had been the focus of different disciplines. For the most part, language acquisition had been theorized and conceptualized in different ways all of which was to determine where language came from and how it developed. On the other hand, the multicultural aspect and globalization of our society have made it almost a necessity to learn English as the most favored international language. Most educational curriculums in the world integrate the learning of English as a second language especially in areas where the first or native language is structurally different from English (Gitsaki, 1998). According to Krashen’s (1981) model of second language acquisition â€Å"acquired and learned languages are different†. Language acquisition is a subconscious process brought about by the meaningful interaction of the individual with the target language while learning a language is a conscious process which results in conscious knowledge about the language (Krashen, 1981, p. 103). Learning a second language is a complex process that can be affected by different factors, one of the most leading issue is that of how first language affects the teaching of English as a foreign language in the classroom. Several researches have reported that first language proficiency strongly predicts English language learning (Clay, 1993; Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 1998), moreover, a strong correlation between first language fluency and learning English was also reported (Hiebert, Pearson, Taylor, Richardson, and Paris, 1998). Children who have to learn a second language generally have to use first language in comprehension and analysis of the information exchanged in the second language. Therefore the impact of first language to learning a second language can be facilitative while it can also interfere with learning a second language such as English (Bialystok, 2002). This literature review would present what has been known about the role of the first language in learning English as a second language in the context of classroom learning as well as how teachers can effectively use the first language to the teaching of English. This exercise would also discuss the theoretical framework, the research methods and the strengths and weaknesses of the presented literature. Appendix Auerbach, E. (1993). Reexamining English only in the ESL classroom. TESOL Quarterly, 27(1). Bialystok, E. (2002). Cognitive processes of L2 users. In V. Cook (Ed. ), Portrait of the L2 user (pp. 147-165). New York: Multilingual Matters. Burden, P. (2000). The use of the students mother tongue in monolingual English ‘conversation’ classes at Japanese universities. TLT Online Editor. Retrieved May 12, 2008, from http://www. jalt-publications. org/tlt/articles/2000/06/burden Clay, M. (1993). Reading Recovery in English and other Languages. Keynote address presented at the West Coast Literacy Conference, Palm Springs, CA Cummins, J. (2000). Language, power and pedagogy: Bilingual children in the crossfire. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters. Cummins, J. (2001). Bilingual children’s mother tongue: Why is it important for education? Retrieved May 12, 2008, from http://www. oise. utoronto. ca/MLC/MotherTongueDK. pdf Garcia, G. E. (2000). Bilingual children’s reading. In M. Kamil, P. Mosenthal, D. Pearson, & R. Barr (Eds. ), Handbook of reading research Volume III (pp. 163-179). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Giacobbe, J. (1992). A cognitive view of the role of L1 in the L2 acquisition process. Second Language Research, 8; 3, 232-250. Gitsaki, C. (1998) Second Language Acquisition Theories: Overview and Evaluation. Journal of Communication and International Studies 4; 2:89-98. Hamers, J. & Blanc, M. (2000). Bilinguality and bilingualism 2nd ed. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Expressionism & art Essay

Expressionism is a complex and often contradictory movement. It encompasses the excavation of the psyche while liberating the body. Expressionism generally refers to anything that was not impressionism; it could even include anti-impressionistic work. Up to the outbreak of World War I, the term â€Å"expressionism† was used to describe any art work that was fauviste, futurist, modern, or cubist. Expressionism has qualities that are a more sensitive perception of the world. It attempts to portray the mind of the artist, shaping the figures which an artist paints or writes about. (â€Å"Expressionism (literature)†) Subjective human experience plays a large role in expressionist art. Because of this, expressionism has potential for despair and anguish, which is quite unlike any artistic movement that came before it. (Bassie, 7-10) Expressionism was not a strict movement; unlike surrealism or naturalism in literature or impressionism in painting, expressionism was the offering of ideas, not techniques. (â€Å"Expressionism in Literature†) For example, after World War I, people were anxious and aware that they were vulnerable. Expressionists worked through these emotions, through the fears of atomic war, creating art that was based on their own experiences and feelings. They refused to set limits on the emotional content of their work. (Sandler, 29-30) Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis and Max Beckmann’s Departure are both expressionistic, however, Kafka’s story is the more powerful example of the qualities of expressionism. In Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis, there is a passage where Gregor describes the horrors of his daily, a job he never wanted. Gregor mentions that he travels for a living, that that it is â€Å"much more than working in the home office. † He goes on to describe what he experiences and wishes that â€Å"the devil take it all! † (Kafka, 688) This passage from Kafka’s The Metamorphosis exhibits expressionism because it expresses Gregor’s human feelings, even though he has been transformed into an insect. It shows how he really feels, including anxiety and despair. For example, he speaks of his job, even the smallest detail. He detests his job, only working at it because his father owed Gregor’s boss money. He details the commute, the sub par room-and-board, and the fact that he does not have any intimate friends, only acquaintances. However, later in the story, Gregor does begin to lose all of these feelings in favor of his feelings of being an insect. He begins to enjoy rotten cheese and climbing the walls of his bedroom. When his family forgets, or rather begins to not care, about him, transforming his bedroom into a storage area that he has to live with, Gregor realizes his feelings as an insect. According to Gustav Janouch, Kafka himself described The Metamorphosis as his own idea of horror. (1477) This transformation, like that of his physical being, is the embodiment of expressionism. This passage, as well as the entire story, is a telling of change, from one state of being to another, from one process of thinking to another. It shows the human experience not because it deals with changing into an insect, but because each individual questions the nature of their existence; their job, their family life, and their inner purpose. Max Beckmann’s Departure exhibits expressionism because it shows human suffering and peace. In the first panel, people are tied up, perhaps being tortured, but clearly in agony. In the second panel, there are three individuals on a boat, seemingly at ease, catching fish. In the third panel, two individuals are tied together, bodies flush against each other, one upside down, the other right side up. It also looks as though a bird is pecking at one of the individuals. Some believe that Beckmann’s work is obscure, dense, and beyond understanding (Finch), however, that is not true of any work of art. Two out of the three panels show human suffering, which holds the majority in the world. Human suffering is experienced by more individuals at more points during their lives than any other feeling. That is the nature of life, the nature of the world. However, peace is also experienced, although not as frequently. For the individuals in the second panel, they seem content with where they are. Everyone experiences contentment in their lives, but for some it occurs so infrequently that those peaceful moments are overshadowed by suffering. This painting could also express Beckmann’s move from Frankfurt to Berlin when the Nazis came to power in the 1930s. (â€Å"Departure†) For example, the individuals in the second panel could be traveling. The first and third panels could represent where they came from and where they were going. Beckmann did not want to leave Frankfurt, but he was forced to leave, and Berlin held nothing for him. In both the first and third panels, individuals are shown as suffering. Perhaps this is what Beckmann was feeling due to his forced move. Expressionism manifests itself in different ways between literary and visual art works. In literary works, feelings are told as well as shown. One can show despair through description of detail and character development. The reader knows somewhat of a character’s past, and perhaps how they got to where they are in a story. One does not experience this is visual art. One can only look at a painting and contemplate and interpret what happened before and what would happen after, but there is no definite answer. The feeling interpreted from a painting are perhaps those that the viewer has imposed on it, not the feelings that the artist wanted to convey. Everyone has their own vision and opinion; with writing, feelings and experiences are laid out clearly, with paintings, feelings and experiences are more the viewer’s than the artist’s. Because of these reasons, the literary arts can be more expressionistic than the visual arts. For example, Kafka’s The Metamorphosis is more expressionistic than Beckmann’s Departure because Kafka’s story is straightforward about the characters’ feelings, while Beckmann’s painting is left too much up to viewer interpretation. Feelings expressed through art, if any, should be those of the artist who created it, not of the patron. – Bassie, Ashley. Expressionism. New York: Artists Rights Society, 2005. – Bloom, Harold. Franz Kafka. Broomall, PA: Chelsea House Publishers, 2003. – â€Å"Departure. † Online Design Museum. 21 May 2009. http://www. cs. wayne. edu/~zhw/csc691/tour1pic1detail. html – â€Å"Expressionism. † Abstract Art. 21 May 2009. http://abstractart. 20m. com/expressionism. html – â€Å"Expressionism in Literature. † Dictionary of the History of Ideas. 1 May 2003. 21 May 2009. http://etext. virginia. edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi. cgi? id=dv2-24 – â€Å"Expressionism (literature). † Tiscali. 2009. 21 May 2009. http://www. tiscali. co. uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0097410. html – Finch, Charlie. â€Å"Deciphering Beckmann. † Artnet. 2004. 21 May 2009. http://www. artnet. com/magazine/features/finch/finch7-17-03. asp – Janouch, Gustav. â€Å"Kafka’s View of ‘The Metamorphosis’. † The Story and Its Writer. 7th ed. Ed. Ann Charters. New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2007. – Kafka, Franz. â€Å"The Metamorphosis. † The Story and Its Writer. 7th ed. Ed. Ann Charters. New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2007. – Sandler, Irving. The Triumph of American Painting: A History of Abstract Expressionism. New York: Praeger Publishers, Inc. , 1970.

Olivier Panis Essay

In der film ‘Der Promise’ gibt es viele eregnisse wie kommt zwischen Sophie un Konrad, zum biespiel. An der anfang das film, konrad zi gert wann Sophie und ihre freunde geht in der Abwasserkanal. Konrad war der eignisse leute wie geht nicht in der Abwasserkanal und war bei der Deutchse Armee ertappt. Das war nur der beginne auf der probleme wie kommt zwischen Sophie und Konrad. Konrad war aufgezwungt bei ihre vater der Deutsche Armee eintreten. Konrad war ein Wandschutze. Wann Konrad der Armee verlassen hat, er ihre Ausbildung fortgesetzt. Wi hrend das Sophie fur ihr Tante arbeitet. Ihr Tante arbeitet als eine Kleider Verki uferin, fi r reich leute. Spater in das Film, Sophie und Konrad andgeordnet in Prague zu Treffen. Sie mit einander sehr gut auskommen. Sophie kleide schwanger. Aber wann der Russe Armee eindrignt Prague, dann Sophie zuri ck nach Deutschland verschwindet. Konrad besucht Sophie und ihr neue Mann, und er auch besucht ihre Kind, heisst Alex. Er war 10 jahre alt. Aber Konrad auch hat ihre eigen neue familie. Aber wir als die Beschauer, kann sehe als sie mochtet zusammen sein. Die leben aus Konrad un Sophie ist wie die leben aus Berlin. An der Anfang, Berlin war zusammen, es was nur ein Stadt heisst Berlin, aber es war abgetrennt und so war Konrad und Sophie. In der Meinung auf die groi ji hrigkeit aus der Ureinwohner, Berlin sollte als nur ein Stadt bleiben, aber die Regierung sagt als es war erforderlich. Der abgang aus Berlin auch abgesondert Sophie und Konrad.

INTERNATIONAL LAW Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

INTERNATIONAL LAW - Coursework Example Money laundering is a phenomenon whereby individuals endeavour to reintroduce illicitly acquired money into the legitimate cash flow channels. This illegitimate money is usually sourced from predicating activities that are of criminal nature, such as the ones highlighted above. Corruption on its part encompasses a wide range of activities, particularly those that afford private benefit to an individual, arising from a misuse of public authority. Corruption can in itself be, and usually is, a predicating criminal activity for money laundering. Owing to the international characteristic of these two crimes, international efforts such as Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATFML) and the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) have sprung to combat each of these criminal activities. In the subsequent section, the risk of corruption and money laundering will be assessed, alongside the effectiveness of international efforts. The preceding section will evaluate th e UK bribery Act of 2010, and assesses its impact on UK companies attempting to conduct their businesses abroad. Money laundering and corruption are two of the most formidable threats to economic development and progress both in developed and developing nations. They have consequently attracted much attention from international bodies and agencies such as the World Bank and Transparency International. Money laundering can be understood as a process through which the origins of illicitly acquired money are obscured. It normally involves the â€Å"washing† or â€Å"cleansing† of illegally acquired money through individuals or organisations, to portray the money as legitimately acquired (Gonzalez-Perez & Leonard, 2013). It is predicated by an offence that introduces money into the hands of offenders. Such offences may include criminal

Blog Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Blog - Essay Example Janissaries were a formidable fighting force of the Ottomans which gave the Ottomans enormous advantage over the European forces. Gradually, firearms, infantry drill, muskets, grenades and hand cannons were introduced which further strengthened the Janissary corps. However, the original organization was strong enough to adopt these advancements. There were infantry and cavalry soldiers. The infantry was divided into seven groups: janissaries, recruits, armorers, artillerymen, artillery carries, bombardiers and sewermen. All of these groups, formed by Turkish yongmen, were strong enough to provide the military with a tough corps. Hence, it is concluded that the military should have a robust organizational structure first of all, so that it is resilient enough to adopt newer ways, tools and equipment. Although, it is also true that without the introduction and adoption of firearms, muskets, and etcetera, the Janissaries would have ended up much sooner than they did, however, the import ance of organizational structure cannot be denied as with any other field of

Organizational Design, Culture, and Adaptation Essay

Organizational Design, Culture, and Adaptation - Essay Example This meant that there were less bureaucratic loopholes and more room for productivity to come about within the hospital settings. The patient-centric aspect is being documented through different programs and steps which are taken on every now and then, as well as in a consistent fashion. This has been the basis of finding out where shortcomings are taking place and what best measures are being done to avoid them from coming up in the first place (Tang, 2002). This healthcare manager is therefore doing his levels best to ensure that the hospital facility remains at par with the best hospitals in town and showcases its true mettle to the general public at all times. He has kept a close eye on the internal and external factors which are under his influence so that the hospital facility has a very sound structure in place. This is the basis of knowing exactly where internal level issues are plaguing the hospital and how external factors play significant roles as well. 2. What internal an d external factors were considered in the transformation? The internal factors that were considered during the restructuring and reengineering were mostly comprised of the attitudes that the employees had on a day to day basis. The external factors were mostly to do with the patients, who were essentially the customers for the sake of the hospital facility. ... The external factors were given similar importance because the patients are the basis of any hospital’s long term success. If they are contented, then this means that the healthcare facility is doing well but if these are not, and as the healthcare manager suggests, then there is much to learn on the part of all and sundry. This outlines how well the hospital facility has been able to rein in commitment towards its transformation. 3. What were the barriers or obstacles were encountered (e.g. internal politics, economics, resource limitations, time constraints, etc.) The healthcare manager faced quite a few obstacles and barriers in the beginning when the restructuring and reengineering aspects were outlined in essence. This meant that he needed to face them, analyze them and turn them in his own favor with the passage of time. There were attitudinal problems that the healthcare manager talked about with the internal domains not being beefed up properly. This meant that the pre mise of change was not such a welcoming one within the internal publics. They did not want to alter their working standards and hence this posed as a serious challenge towards the healthcare facility. Moreover, there were economic issues which haunt this healthcare manager as well. This meant that he needed to restructure and reengineer everything within a fixed budget. The internal politics also came about because the employees had a habit of speaking behind one’s back that had a very negative effect as far as the organizational design, culture and adaptation issues were concerned. 4. What is the potential impact on the program of technology, legislation, etc. on the services provided on the program? The potential impact on the program with regards to technology,

World bank Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World bank - Research Paper Example nd these objectives includes the decrease in the number of people who are living below the line of poverty which is set at $1.25/day (Worldbank.org, 2014). Its second objective is to attain growth of nations in a shared manner while increasing the growth of the income of the 40% of the people living on the lower end of the income line in all nations. The total numbers of nations that are members with the group of World Bank are 188 nations and these nations include nations from all four continents (Worldbank.org, 2014). Some of its member nations include United States of America, United Arab Emirates, Pakistan, United Kingdom and 184 other nations . The primary products and services that are offered by the organization are financial in nature. These products and services includes, providing of loans at very inexpensive interest rates or even at zero rate of interest (Worldbank.org, 2014). The organization is involved in providing five different products as well as services. Its products and services includes Procedural Assistance in which it offers advice to member nation regarding policy issues, legal advice, advice regarding effective governance and others (Capannelli, 2014). Furthermore it provides advisory services that are reimbursable in nature in these services it provides advice and assistance to member nations in matters that may exceed the budget of the World Bank. The bank even partners with member organizations in order to provide them with research and analysis on different sectors of a nation (Capannelli, 2014). They do so in order to help them develop policies which can be used to attain sector growth. The organi zation even adopts the role of a coordinator between different donors such as the government and social work groups and while they provide these services, they even provide funds in partnerships with these donors in order to finance different projects. There are various projects in which the organization partners with members

How Does The Outdoor Environment Support Children's Personal, Social Essay

How Does The Outdoor Environment Support Children's Personal, Social And Emotion Development - Essay Example Concentration, an important constituent for the development of child, declines following prolonged exposure to classrooms (Pellegrini and Davis, 1993). Thus, this gives roof to the need of playgrounds and outdoor games for the instillation of the lost concentration. Playgrounds, the main instillers of self-confidence and self-esteem need to replicate nature. They also need to provide an opportunity to children to learn from experiment, risk, and control of the environment. It is also essential for the playgrounds to serve better by being responsive to each and every child. These playgrounds meeting the need of children might often appear a little messy and disorganized to the adult (Moore, 1986). The present need is to realise the existent need for well-designed playgrounds for the development of self-esteem in the school children (Titman's 1994). It has long been noted by Sucklin (1981) that social skills known, learned, and practiced on the playground during recess are important even for the later development of children. This is also essential because before the beginning of adolescence, children relate to the surrounding world mainly through their senses and bodily movement, which is greatly motivated by the outdoor environment’s freedom and diversity. This holds a more powerful stand for the green environments in close intimacy. (Kuo & Sullivan, 2002). The social and emotional development of the children also gets influenced by the availability and easy reach of the outdoor facilities and resources.

Targeting Teenagers Essay Example for Free

Targeting Teenagers Essay When taking a look around at the night life of any city of the western culture we may come to a conclusion that pubs and party places are stuffed with under aged children below 20 or even 18. These kids need more energy to survive the rush of the nightlife therefore it is not unusual to see them drinking energy drinks – or even mixing it with alcoholic beverages. Do the producers and marketers of such energy drinks like Red Bull or Monster think of the unhealthy effects of these drinks on adolescents? A perception can be made that such beverages are highly effecting and endangering the health of their consumers – teenagers and adults – however, their producers are targeting at the most vulnerable and willing to spend audience – the teenagers of the western cosmopolitan cities. The long term goal of producers and marketers of energy drinks is not less but to own as high percentage of the market share as possible, using any kinds of marketing tools, without taking into consideration ethics and the health risks caused by energy drinks. Health Effects. It is a well-known fact that energy drinks such as Red Bull or Monster contain ingredients that could be harmful not only for teens but for adults as well in the long run. According to pharmaceutical studies of Clauson et al. (2008) ginseng, taurine, guarana, bitter orange, and caffeine – key ingredients of energy drinks – may interact with each other in a way that can cause symptoms varying from headache, insomnia, high blood-pressure, stroke, or even heart attack. Various sources from the Internet show evidence that teenagers‘ health was harmed after consuming energy drinks. In Colorado Springs, several high school students last year became ill after drinking Spike Shooter, a high caffeine drink, prompting the principal to ban the beverages. In March, four middle school students in Broward County, Florida, went to the emergency room with heart palpitations and sweating after drinking the energy beverage Redline. (Parker-Pope, 2008) ‘Three years ago, Ross Cooney, 18, from Ireland, died after he shared four cans of Red Bull and played in a basketball match. ‘ (Nordqvist, 2004). In the mean time it must be mentioned that not only the ingredients can be harmful and risky for the teenage consumers but the lack of responsibility during drinking energy drinks plays an important role as well. While adults are – or should be – able to keep their limits, teenagers act in the most unexpected ways. ‘But the biggest worry is how some teens use the drinks. Some report downing several cans in a row to get a buzz, and a new study found a surprising number of poison ­center calls from young people getting sick from too much caffeine. ‘ (Johnson, 2006). Other sources underline that another factor effecting adolescents is strongly in connection with their behaviour. Energy drinks may negatively affect those teenagers, who are more aggressive by nature, ‘High consumption of energy drinks is associated with toxic jock behavior, a constellation of risky and aggressive behaviors including unprotected sex, substance abuse and violence. ‘ (Parker-Pope, 2008) Based on the above risk factors and several other additional ones numerous countries and states have already banned – or attempted to ban energy drinks, however, they were not able to sustain the state of rejection for a longer time span. For instance France, Denmark and Norway have banned Red Bull for a certain amount of time – the ban was upheld by the European Court mainly because the caffeine levels were considered to be safe and negative effects of other ingredients were not supported. The European Union enforced Red Bull and other energy drink providers to warn their consumers of the high caffeine content (Nordqvist, 2004). In the United States there have been several attempts as well to ban energy drinks – to protect adolescents, but the law does not make any restrictions possible. Energy drinks, which are classified as dietary supplements, are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). That means they dont have to follow the same strict limits that the FDA places on potentially harmful ingredients such as caffeine (a primary component of energy drinks) that soda makers must follow. (Park, 2011) Based on the above studies a conclusion can be made that even though energy drinks contain ingredients that can be harmful if consumed un-responsibly, the level of ingredients are still considered to be safe. Teenagers must be taught that consumption of such beverages should be kept below a certain limit or should be avoided. Attracting Teenagers Why is it so attractive for teenagers to consume Red Bull, Hell, Burn, Monster, or any other energy drinks? Most probably because these drinks are considered to be the drink of popular, young, successful people – mostly sportsmen. Goodman’s video about The Merchants of cool (2001) describes this situation clearly – being cool is essential to teenagers to be in the spotlight. Marketing cool became very popular these days, due to the well known fact that teenagers of metropolitan cities tend to use – eat, drink, wear – whatever they believe is cool and in the mean time their parents are willing to pay for these items. In the sudden a product becomes mass or becomes un-cool according to these teenagers, they are not willing to purchase them anymore. The teenagers who are willing to pay for the products represent a strong and rich audience. Therefore marketers should keep this in front of their eyes when designing new marketing strategies, mostly when talking about brands that tend to target the teenagers. If we take a look at what the energy drink brands represent, it is visible that they are either committed sponsors of extreme sports, other popular sports, (Ho, 2006) or position themselves in the centre of leisure and parties (Arlidge, 2004). This certainly is cool amongst adolescents. It can be stated that Red Bull, Monster, or other beverages are the representatives of cool. Which cool teenager would not like snow boarding, skate boarding, monster trucks, air shows, Formula-1, cross motors, car racing or any other dangerous extreme sport like skydiving? (Helm, 2005) Therefore these producers target teenage buyers exactly they way they should be targeted. Does this seem unfair, or is this an example of perfect targeting? It must me mentioned that these energy drinks give the message to teens never to rest and always do something – to be always on the move. Today a usual American watches television approximately 4 hours 45 minutes per day (Shea et al. 2010, p. 165) hours per day. By the age an average teenager reaches the age of 21 he or she has watched more than 20 000 hours of television already. Most teenagers use the Internet throughout the day, however, only 28% of them looks for fitness and health tips (Oblinger, 2005). It is also stated that over 155 million children are overweight world wide, similarly in the United States and in the European Union, approximately 35% of adolescents are considered to be overweight or obese. (Shea et al. 2010, p. 166) Red Bull spends annually billions of dollars on not only sponsoring sports, but also building its own sports teams (Ho, 2006). Varying from numerous different sport categories, Red Bull attracts millions of teenagers towards these sports. For instance skate boarders Ryan Sheckler, Zered Bassett, Joey Brezinski, or Nick Dompierre are well known endorsers of Red Bull. They have millions of fans worldwide and hundreds of teenagers started skate boarding because of them. We can mention thousands of examples where an energy drink brand sponsored sport idol became the hero of teenagers. Because of these idols teenagers later on started doing sports instead of just sitting at home. Should parents thank Red Bull or Monster for doing this? Red Bull can easily reach its target audience through showing them how popular and trendy it is to drink their beverages. In the mean time they give the message to teenagers never to rest, and to do some sports, therefore they can become the cool and popular actors of their environment. Etical Behaviour After seeing what product Red Bull offers to teenagers, and knowing how these adolescents are reached, it is essential to take into consideration whether marketing tools of energy drink providers are ethical or not. The American Marketing Association clearly defines what is considered to be ethical from marketing point of view, however, it must be mentioned that acting ethically is always relative, it depends on the values and norms what a certain individual, or what the society tends to understand as ethical. American Marketing Association states that norms are the following: do not harm; foster trust in the marketing system; embrace ethical values; while ethical values are: honesty, responsibility, fairness, respect, transparency, citizenship (American Marketing Association, n. d.). Let us take a look at these one by one through the actions of Red Bull. Do not harm: ‘This means consciously avoiding harmful actions or omissions by embodying high ethical standards and adhering to all applicable laws and regulations in the choices we make. ‘ (American Marketing Association, n. d. ) We have seen that even though we cannot state clearly that energy drinks are harmful for teenagers, they could have negative effects if they are consumed un-responsibly. Red Bull strongly covers its decisions of the ingredients of beverages through a legal perspective. Currently the amount of caffeine and taurine are below the unhealthy limits, therefore Red Bull cannot be questioned from legal point of view. On the other hand if we take a look at a can of Red Bull it is not described clearly how many milligrams of caffeine or taurine could or should be consumed per day, or how many cans of energy drink can an adult drink without risking his or her health. Just like on the package of cigarettes or alcoholic beverages it should be mentioned in a visible, obvious way that drinking more than one can of energy drink per day could have harmful effects on health. Red Bull does not harm its buyers, however, the consumers should be educated more about the beverage. In return for this action Red Bull could be representing the care towards consumers. Foster trust in the marketing system: This means striving for good faith and fair dealing so as to contribute toward the efficacy of the exchange process as well as avoiding deception in product design, pricing, communication, and delivery of distribution (American Marketing Association, n. d. ). Red Bull communicates towards customers that their drinks will ‘Give you wings‘. They position themselves in the centre of extreme sports and parties where extra energy is essential. The picture they have built throughout the years is representing values of the company in an obvious, clear, and fair way. When we take a look at the price of a can of Red Bull it also represents that this beverage somehow stands out from other non-alcoholic drinks such as Coke or Sprite (Helm, 2005). Therefore they clearly give the message that this drink is something special and should be consumed only when the human body needs extra energy and wants to be on the top. Embrace ethical values: ‘This means building relationships and enhancing consumer confidence in the integrity of marketing by affirming these core values: honesty, responsibility, fairness, respect, transparency and citizenship. ‘ (American Marketing Association, n. d. ) Red Bull’s target audience is the male population, from teenagers to 25-30 year old adults (Helm, 2005), however, when looking at teenagers, those who really purchase – or pay for – the drinks are mostly their parents, of which Red Bull is confident, therefore they should give a message to the parents as well about honesty, responsibility, fairness, etc. Right now – according to previous studies of this paper – parents are the ones who trust the least these energy drinks and are scared of its negative effects on their teen children. Red Bull is honest, since what they state is true. Their beverage contains a high amount of taurine and caffeine that gives more energy and ‘wings‘. On the other hand it is hard to say they are responsible. They do not focus on telling their teen consumers that the drink can be harmful, and in the mean time they drag the adolescents to dangerous extreme sports. These surely will not win the trust of parents. Red Bull and other energy drink providers should win the trust of parents by either not letting teenagers drink their beverages, or create a certain type of drink that is – even if consumed un-responsibly – cannot have any negative effect on adolescents. All in all Red Bull’s actions of marketing are legally covered and they cannot be mentioned as an unethical company, however, certain restrictions and actions would make them appear in a much more positive scene. Conclusion and Recommendations We have come to the final conclusion that energy drinks contain ingredients that can be harmful for consumers – teens, adolescents, or adults – however; they are endangering health only if they are consumed irresponsibly. It is truly visible that the target audience of the highly caffeinated drinks are male adolescents (age 18-25), who tend to use more energy, or show the society how popular and cool they are. Sources have underlined that energy drinks are consumed by even younger teenagers, whose drinking habits may become dangerous, since they do not tend to focus on the healthy consumption of energy drinks. Red Bull and other similar beverage providers should put more focus on teenagers and provide them more details on how the energy drinks should be consumed. Marketers of Red Bull and other energy drinks focus obviously on gaining the highest market share possible, however, they are keeping all the necessary limits to be legally covered. Besides the possible unhealthy effects of the beverages these firm focus on sponsoring sports, which can help the health of teenagers in the long run, and attract them towards sports. The more they can effect teenagers to start doing some sports, the more helpful they can get for parents – therefore the presence of energy drinks on the market causes controversies. To avoid confrontation with parents in the future energy drink producers should focus more on educating consumers how to drink their beverages, and state clearly on the cans the ingredients of their products. The best possible solution would be to mention on the packaging visibly that teenagers below 18 should not consume energy drinks, or to create a product for younger teens that can be consumed without limits, at any time of the day. List of References American Marketing Association (n. d. ). Statement of Ethics. Available at: http://www. marketingpower. com/AboutAMA/Pages/Statement%20of%20Ethics. aspx (Accessed: 1 November 2011) Arlidge, J. (2004). How Red Bull woke up the teen market. The Guardian, 5 December [Online]. 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